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Runic alphabet (Elder Futhark)

Rúnar

The Runic alphabet — more precisely called the Elder Futhark — is the oldest Germanic writing system, used across northern Europe from roughly 150 to 800 CE. Its 24 angular letters were carved into stone, wood, and metal by the peoples we now call Goths, Saxons, and early Norse. Later variants include the 16-rune Younger Futhark used by the Vikings and the 33-rune Anglo-Saxon Futhorc used in Old English.

All 24 Letters

Fehu
Trans: f
IPA: /f/
Meaning: cattle, wealth.
Uruz
Trans: u
IPA: /u/
Meaning: aurochs (wild ox), strength.
Thurisaz
Trans: th
IPA: /θ/
Meaning: giant, thorn — ancestor of þ.
Ansuz
Trans: a
IPA: /a/
Meaning: god (one of the Æsir).
Raido
Trans: r
IPA: /r/
Meaning: riding, journey.
Kaunan
Trans: k
IPA: /k/
Meaning: torch, or ulcer (opinions differ).
Gebo
Trans: g
IPA: /ɡ/
Meaning: gift.
Wunjo
Trans: w
IPA: /w/
Meaning: joy.
Hagalaz
Trans: h
IPA: /h/
Meaning: hail.
Naudiz
Trans: n
IPA: /n/
Meaning: need.
Isaz
Trans: i
IPA: /i/
Meaning: ice.
Jera
Trans: j / y
IPA: /j/
Meaning: year, harvest.
Eihwaz
Trans: ï
IPA: /æː/
Meaning: yew tree.
Perthro
Trans: p
IPA: /p/
Meaning: disputed — perhaps a dice cup.
Algiz
Trans: z / R
IPA: /z/
Meaning: elk, protection.
Sowilo
Trans: s
IPA: /s/
Meaning: sun.
Tiwaz
Trans: t
IPA: /t/
Meaning: the god Tyr.
Berkanan
Trans: b
IPA: /b/
Meaning: birch tree.
Ehwaz
Trans: e
IPA: /e/
Meaning: horse.
Mannaz
Trans: m
IPA: /m/
Meaning: man, humankind.
Laguz
Trans: l
IPA: /l/
Meaning: water, lake.
Ingwaz
Trans: ng
IPA: /ŋ/
Meaning: the god Ing (Freyr).
Dagaz
Trans: d
IPA: /d/
Meaning: day.
Othala
Trans: o
IPA: /o/
Meaning: ancestral homeland, inheritance.

About

The Runic alphabet — more precisely called the Elder Futhark — is the oldest Germanic writing system, used across northern Europe from roughly 150 to 800 CE. Its 24 angular letters were carved into stone, wood, and metal by the peoples we now call Goths, Saxons, and early Norse. Later variants include the 16-rune Younger Futhark used by the Vikings and the 33-rune Anglo-Saxon Futhorc used in Old English.

This dataset entry is structured so one source can generate an overview page, a searchable letters grid, a history page, a facts section, and an FAQ block for Runic (Elder Futhark).

The UI can render copy and speak buttons on every card, making the Runic (Elder Futhark) page useful for learning, browsing, and quick reference.

History

The Runic alphabet — more precisely called the Elder Futhark — is the oldest Germanic writing system, used across northern Europe from roughly 150 to 800 CE. Its 24 angular letters were carved into stone, wood, and metal by the peoples we now call Goths, Saxons, and early Norse. Later variants include the 16-rune Younger Futhark used by the Vikings and the 33-rune Anglo-Saxon Futhorc used in Old English.

The content model separates page copy from symbol data, so you can publish both a rich landing page and a reusable character grid from the same Runic (Elder Futhark) dataset.

This entry currently includes 24 letters, which makes it suitable for educational pages, glossary views, and alphabet tools.

Things You Might Not Know

  • Meaning: cattle, wealth.
  • Meaning: aurochs (wild ox), strength.
  • Meaning: giant, thorn — ancestor of þ.
  • Meaning: god (one of the Æsir).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Runic (Elder Futhark) writing system?
The Runic alphabet — more precisely called the Elder Futhark — is the oldest Germanic writing system, used across northern Europe from roughly 150 to 800 CE. Its 24 angular letters were carved into stone, wood, and metal by the peoples we now call Goths, Saxons, and early Norse. Later variants include the 16-rune Younger Futhark used by the Vikings and the 33-rune Anglo-Saxon Futhorc used in Old English.
How many letters are included?
This dataset includes 24 letters.
Can I build a full SEO page from this data?
Yes. The dataset includes SEO metadata, page sections, route slugs, and content blocks so one entry can generate a complete Runic (Elder Futhark) page.
Does the page support copy and speak buttons?
Yes. The page model is designed for interactive cards with copy and speak actions for visible items.

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